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Monday, July 6 1. Atmospheric Issues: Ozone Depletion Acid Rain Carbon Cycle 2. Computer Training - web page design Lab Tour of Guyot, room 40 3. Jigsaw: Discussion of Atmospheric Issues From Morning Sessions 4. Welcome Lindy Eyster! Tuesday, July 7 1. Compass Points : Are You A North, South, East, or West? 2. Project Formation!!! We are ready! 3. Assessment - Developing Rubrics 4. Link to NSES Standards 5. Open Space Wednesday, July 8
Friday, July 10
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SARMIENTO: SINKS AND SOURCES
Dr. Sarmiento brought to the Woodrow Wilson Institutes his unique charm
and expertise on the topic of carbon and global warming.
Dr. Sarmiento discussed the global carbon cycle and its importance in global warming. Approximately 280ppm of carbon has collected over the past several thousand years. There are a variety of mechanisms which contribute carbon to the biosphere including both plant and animal respiration and photosynthesis. Various research stations around the world take carbon measurements. Studies at the Mauna Loa site show a rise in CO2 levels. This increase was similar at all research stations. Glacial ice cores and the bubbles that they contain when crushed and passed through a gas chromatogram give us an accurate measurement of CO2 levels in the atmoshere. Fossil fuel consumption has also increased by 4.1% per year. The United States leads all nations in emitting greenhouse gases due to burning fossil suels by a wide margin. The USA leads in per capita emissions as well. Dr. Sarmiento used a graph to depict the to depict the source and sinks in the atmosphere: Source 1. Fossil 5.4 2. Land Use 1.6 Sinks 1. Atmosphere 3.2 2. Oceans 2.0 Some reasons for carbon dioxide increases may be a result of reforestation
in North America, carbon dioxide fertilization, nitrogen fertilization,
and temperature increases.
Press any key to continue,... No, No, No, NOT THAT ONE! ********************************* Press any key to continue or any other key to quit. RESILIENCY WORKSHOP : Perceptions of Urban Youth
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HOT TOPIC, COOL FLICK
On Wednesday, we boarded the bus for the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), where we heard two excellent presentations. The first was by Richard Wetherald about causes and projected effects of global warming. The second was by Steve Carson and dealt with an explanation of the coriolis effect. In summary, Wetherald made the following points: (1) Global warming will not be uniform. The Northern Hemisphere will experience more warming than the equator and the Southern Hemisphere. (2) Global warming will result in shorter and warmer winters and longer and warmer summers. (3) In middle latitudes continents will experience more rainfall and less snowfall in the winter and hotter and drier conditions in the summer. This will result in less snow available for the slow spring runoff and less water available during the growing season. (4) Sea level may rise due to melting ice. If the northern ice pack melts, sea levels probably won't rise, however, reflectivity will be affected. However, it the southern ice pack melts (projected to take several hundred years) sea levels would rise approximately 30 feet. Thermal expansion will also cause a small, but significant, increase in sea level (4" by the year 2000, 12" by 2060). These changes will have important implications for the following areas: water resource management, biology, ecosystems, insect populations, agriculture, health, economics and energy production. Corrective action includes Environmental Impact Studies (EIS) by DOE, energy conservation, recycling, water allocation and conservation, development of alternative energy sources, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Global warming is a real scientific and environmental problem that won't go away on its own. Due to the relatively large thermal inertia of the atmosphere-ocean system that once set into motion may take a hundred years or more to reverse (freight train analogy) Wetherald advocates setting corrective actions in place now and not waiting until all the evidence is evaluated, because by then it may be too late. Carson gave an enlightening presentation on the Coriolis effect that included video clips, hands-on activities, demonstrations, and HANDOUTS. He also recommended reading the book Is the Temperature Rising? by S. George Philander to learn more about the global warming phenomenon. Don't forget to save those old turntables!!
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