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THE  HOT  SPOT

          A Princeton Newsletter
Week 2: July 10, 1998
 
 
Activity Log 
Monday, July 6 
1.  Atmospheric Issues: 
      Ozone Depletion 
        Acid Rain 
        Carbon Cycle 
2.  Computer Training - web page 
     design 
     Lab Tour of Guyot, room 40 
3.  Jigsaw: Discussion of Atmospheric 
     Issues From Morning Sessions 
4.  Welcome Lindy Eyster! 
 
Tuesday, July 7 
1.  Compass Points : Are You A 
     North, South, East, or West? 
2.  Project Formation!!! We are 
     ready! 
3.  Assessment - Developing Rubrics 
4.  Link to NSES Standards 
5. Open Space 

Wednesday, July 8 
1.  Geophysical Fluids Dynamics Lab 
        Richard Wetherald 
        Steve Carson 
2.  Princeton Plasma Physics Lab 
3.  Web Site Small Group Work 
 
Thursday, July 9 
1. Resiliency Workshop: Perceptions 
   of  Urban Youth and Teacher Voices 
2. Open Space 

Friday, July 10 
1.  CDC Panel Discussion: 
     Epidemiology in the High School 
     Curriculum 
2.  Global Warming and Human 
     Disease 
3.  Project Work, Order Supplies 

 
Joke of the Week 

  A neutron walks into a bar and orders a drink.  After finishing the drink, the neutron asks the bartender, "How much?"  The bartender replies, "For you, no charge."  
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Highlight of the week: 
The trip to the Princeton Plasma Physics Lab exposed participants to the latest research into fusion. Meegan was much impressed with her tour guide, Alfred, who managed to break the stereotype of the nerdy scientist by being both well-dressed and attractive (all this and brilliant too!). 
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PARTICIPANT COMMENTS 
Frances Navarrette:  "Esperaba que una parte del Instituto se iba tratar de los asuntosde como los maestros pueden aumentar el interes entre la juventud minoridades sobre el ambiente.  Hasta hoy, las discussiones no han tratado de hablar de esto.  Es importante educar a todos para que el esfuerzo para salvar nuestra tierra sea un esfuerzo unido.  Es la responsibilidad de todos!" 
Thomas Dileo:  "After a rocky start and a feeling of disorganization, I finally came into a routine, helped along by meeting at Nassau 110 each morning.  This is becoming more exciting each day as I am learning to organize my teaching of Earth Science to a major theme of global warming.  This will help me to have interdisciplinary lesson plans and help keep students on track - always pointing back to a central theme." 
Sistie Bender:  "Instructional strategies and activities modeled by the WW facilitators allow all group members to have a voice in the institute's final product; a useful, creative, interactive web-site." 
Esther Brinson:  " This institute is da bomb!" 
 

SARMIENTO: SINKS AND SOURCES 
    Dr. Sarmiento brought to the Woodrow Wilson Institutes his unique charm and expertise on the topic of carbon and global warming. 
     Dr. Sarmiento discussed the global carbon cycle and its importance in global warming. Approximately 280ppm of carbon has collected over the past several thousand years. There are a variety of mechanisms which contribute carbon to the biosphere including both plant and animal respiration and photosynthesis. 
     Various research stations around the world take carbon measurements. Studies at the Mauna Loa site show a rise in CO2 levels. This increase was similar at all research stations. 
     Glacial ice cores and the bubbles that they contain when crushed and passed through a gas chromatogram give us an accurate measurement of CO2 levels in the atmoshere. 
     Fossil fuel consumption has also increased by 4.1% per year. The United States leads all nations in emitting greenhouse gases due to burning fossil suels by a wide margin. The USA leads in per capita emissions as well. 
     Dr. Sarmiento used a graph to depict the to depict the source and sinks in the atmosphere: 
          Source 
1.  Fossil          5.4 
2.  Land Use    1.6 
          Sinks 
1.  Atmosphere 3.2 
2.  Oceans        2.0 

Some reasons for carbon dioxide increases may be a result of reforestation in North America, carbon dioxide fertilization, nitrogen fertilization, and temperature increases. 
     Dr. Sarmiento suggested that although we can still afford to produce more fossil emissions, at some point we will have to cut back levels to appropriate for global warming. 

TOP TEN REACTIONS TO COMPUTER MALFUNCTIONS 
10. Scream "ELIOT!!!" 
9.  Light candles and hold silent vigil. 
8. Look up "exorcist" in the Yellow Pages. 
7. Pour caffeinated beverages into hard drive in 
    hopes of restarting. 
6. Install program entitled "Netscape Terminator" 
5. Pretend computer is a fetal pig and dissect that baby. 
4. Threaten computer with bar magnet. 
3. Rename all files "crap.htm" 
2. Use hard drive in step aerobics. 
1. Develop carpal tunnel syndrome while hitting 
    escape key for the 4300th time. 



Press any key to continue,... No, No, No,  NOT THAT ONE! 
********************************* 
Press any key to continue or any other key to quit. 

RESILIENCY WORKSHOP : Perceptions of Urban Youth 
Anne Bouie, Executive Director of Interface Institute, a community-based organization which works with underachieving, high-potential children and youth in East Oakland, spoke to Institute participants on Thursday.  She stated that a high control, high warmth style is most effective with these children.  They need a structured, disciplined environment with clear rules and high expectations.  It is important for teachers to know their audience and to know the community in which they teach.  It is not necessary to try to 'fix' all the problems in a child's life, instead teachers should concentrate on the areas where they can have a positive impact. 
 

HOT TOPIC, COOL FLICK 
On Wednesday, we boarded the bus for the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), where we heard two excellent presentations.  The first was by Richard Wetherald about causes and projected effects of global warming.  The second was by Steve Carson and dealt with an explanation of the 
coriolis effect. 
       In summary, Wetherald made the following points:  (1) Global warming will not be uniform.  The Northern Hemisphere will experience more warming than the equator and the Southern Hemisphere.  (2)  Global warming will result in shorter and warmer winters and longer and warmer summers.  (3)  In middle latitudes continents will experience more rainfall and less snowfall in the winter and hotter and drier conditions in the summer. This will result in less snow available for the slow spring runoff and less water available during the growing season.  (4)  Sea level may rise due to melting ice.  If the northern ice pack melts, sea levels probably won't rise, however, reflectivity will be affected.  However, it the southern ice pack melts (projected to take several hundred years) sea levels would rise approximately 30 feet.  Thermal expansion will also cause a small, but significant, increase in sea level (4" by the year 2000, 12" by 2060).  These changes will have important implications for the following areas:  water resource management, biology, ecosystems, insect populations, agriculture, health, economics and energy production.  Corrective action includes Environmental Impact Studies (EIS) by DOE, energy conservation, recycling, water allocation and conservation, development of alternative energy sources, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.  Global warming is a  real scientific and environmental problem that won't go away on its own.  Due to the relatively large thermal inertia of the atmosphere-ocean system that once set into motion may take a hundred years or more to reverse (freight train analogy) Wetherald advocates setting corrective actions in place now and not waiting until all the evidence is evaluated, because by then it may be too late. 
   Carson gave an enlightening  presentation on the Coriolis effect that included video clips, hands-on activities, demonstrations, and HANDOUTS.    He also recommended reading the book Is the Temperature Rising? by S. George Philander to learn more about the global warming phenomenon.  Don't forget to save those old turntables!! 

  

 
 

 
 

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