CHAPTER 5

Chemical Bonding

General Information
- Bonding - General Concepts - Ionic Bonds, Electronegativity, Covalent Bonds, Polar Molecules, Covalent Bond Energies, Resonance, Formal Charge, The VSEPR Model (CHEM 12, PSU York Campus).
- Bonding - lecture notes; large print, very colorful, nice graphics (General Chemistry I, Professor David P.White, SUNY at New Platz).
- Chemical Bonds - An overview of chemical bonds that are biologically significant
- Theory of Atoms in Molecules-Textbook supplement (Richard F.W. Bader).
- Bonding Unit: Content in a Nutshell - SOURCE Unit on Bonding for Teachers (John Gelder, OK State Univ.)
- Chemical Bonding Information - extensive information about bonding, including types, characteristics, graphics, etc. (Rowan Beckworth, Chemistry Central).
- Chemical Bonding - A chapter from the MathMol Hypermedia Textbook; very basic introduction with links to more advanced lessons (New York University Scientific Visualization Center).
- Chemical Bonding - Lecture 12 (J. D. Doll, Brown Univ.).
- Chemical Bonds - Hypertextbook chemistry review of the different types of chemical bonds (MIT Biology Hypertextbook).
- Metallic Elements - Table of metallic properties (Rowan Beckworth, Chemistry Central).
- Chemical Bonding -Review questions (Prepared by and for the students Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri - Rolla).
- Measuring a Melting Point - A Description, Preparing the Sample, Measuring the Melting Point; includes step-by-step videos and self-test for using Mel-temp apparatus (UW-Madison).
- Viewing Molecular Structures from the Internet - An Introductory How-to Guide by Jason E. Borton & James E. Finholt (Carleton College, 8/20/96); step-by-step instructions for using Rasmol and Chime.

Chemical Formulas
- Writing Chemical Formulas - Types of formulas, how to write inorganic and organic formulas, exercises (John Moore, Univ. of Wisc.).
- Electronegativity chart.
- Electronegativity Table - 3-D periodic Table graphic of electronegativity values; information from text by Zumdahl (Univ. of IL).
Ionic Bonding
- Using Coulomb's law to analyze ionic and covalent bonding - Lecture summaries (General Chemistry, Dan Dill, Boston University).
- Notes on Ionic Bonding - Dicussion of electrolytes/nonelectrolytes, ionic bonds, delta H, Hess's Law link, Coulomb's Law, ionic compounds(Gwen Sibert, Roanoke Valley, Govenor's School).
Electron Dot Diagrams
- Lewis Dot Structures visual tutorial; takes about 5 minutes to download, extract and install (Edison Project, Columbia University, NY).
- Doing Lewis Dot Structures - Animation by James K. Hardy.
Covalent Bonding
- The Covalent Bond - Discussion of covalent bond and Lewis structures (Dr. James A. Plambeck, University of Alberta).
- The VSEPR Theory of Molecular Georetry - Contains links for sections on an Introduction to VSEPR, an Overview of Three to Six Electron Domains (plus individual links for each of these domains) and Writing Lewis Structures (ChemTeam, Diamond Bar High School).
- Lewis Electron Dot Structure - One short page of notes with very basic rules for writing Lewis Electron Dot Structures (Dartmouth).
- Covalent Bonds and Molecular Structure - Chapter 7 Review Guide for Chemistry 007, Fall 1995 (Dr. Saundra McGuire, Cornell Univ.)
- The Shapes of Molecules - introduction, exercise, electron pair geometries, etc. (John Moore, Univ. of Wisc.).
- Shape of Molecules: Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion - Links to discussion of basic shapes of molecules and to discussion of distortions due to electron pair repulsion (Dr. James A. Plambeck, University of Alberta).
- Lewis model of chemical bonding; Rules for constructing Lewis structures AND VSEPR model of molecular shape - Lecture summaries (General Chemistry, Dan Dill, Boston University).
- Molecular Shapes - Colorful Drawings of types VSPR (Georgetown University).
- VSEPR - A Summary - Table of examples; click on example to see structure with RasMol.2.5 UCB.
- Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) - Introduction to VSEPR rules (Mark Winter, Univ. of Sheffield, England)
- Bond Lengths and Energies - Lecture notes (Butler, Louisiana State University).
- VSEPR Model - Assumptions of VSEPR Model, Color Table of examples (Univ. of IL).
- Animations - Molecular animations-- water, ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide, . (James K. Hardy and West Publishing Company).
- Molecular Geometry or Molecular Shape - Brief notes on VSEPR model (Dartmouth).
- Molecular Structure Problem Set - Practice problems for drawing Lewis structures, includes links to online sites containing solutions (Chemistry 145, Scott Van Bramer, Department of Chemistry, Widener University).
- Lewis Structure Site - Reference site for Lewis structures (Dr. Gary L. Wood).