CHAPTER 13

Solids and Liquids

General Information
- The Basic Stuff: Chapter 11 - Notes on Intermolecular forces, Liquids and Solids (Chem 112/114, Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho).

Intermolecular Forces
- Introduction to Intermolecular Forces - Detailed information about each type of force plus animations (need Shockwave plugin to view) (John Gelder, Oklahoma State University). [Cannot access after 7/1/97 without password.]
- Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties - Basic Information with graphics; very colorful (Professor David P. White)
- Intermolecular Forces - Basic definitions of types and examples (Chem 205, Dr. Emma Goldman, University of Richmond, VA).
- Intermolecular Forces Problem Set - Problems related to intermolecular forces (type, boiling point, solubility) with link to answers (Chem 205, Dr. Emma Goldman, University of Richmond, VA).
- Intermolecular Forces - Review questions with links to answers (Prepared by and for the students Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri - Rolla).
- Intermolecular Forces - Introduction with links to London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, hydrogen bonding (Chem 103, University of Idaho).
- Hydrogen Bonding in Water - Discusses Hydrogen Bonding and how it affects the properties of water; includes colored drawings (from Chapter 2: Water whose sections include: Introduction, The Water Molecule is Polar, Hydrogen Bonding in Water, Ionic and Polar Substances Dissolve in Water, Nonpolar Substances are Insoluble in Water, Noncavalent Interactions in Biomolecules, Water is Nucleophilic, The Ionization of Water, The pH Scale, Acid Dissociation Contents of Weak Acids, Buffered Solutions Resist Changes in pH, Summary, Problems, Suggested Readings (Principles of Biochemistry; Horton, Moran, OCHS, Rawn, Scrimgeour; 1996 Prentice Hall).
- Hydrogen Bonding in Ibuprofen - Drawing showing hydrogen bonding in S(+)-Ibuprofen
- HFHF Hydrogen Bonding Study - Research-level information.
- Hydrogen Bonding - A page of information with links (Chem 103, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Idaho).
Nature of the Solid and Liquid States
- Liquids and Solids - Detailed discussion of forces, crystal structure, phase and energy changes, etc.; includes equations and diagrams (Dr. James H. Burness, Chem 12, Penn State, York Campus).
- Crystalline Solids and Unit Cells - Graphics and QuickTime movies (Wilson Group, University of California at San Diego).
- Motion of Molecules - A chapter from the MathMol Hypermedia Textbook; basic introduction with links to more advanced lessons: includes graphics and links to movies (New York University Scientific Visualization Center).
- Measuring a Melting Point - A Description, Preparing the Sample, Measuring the Melting Point; includes step-by-step videos and self-test for using Mel-temp apparatus (UW-Madison).
Changes of Phase
Energy Changes
- Heat - Discusses in easy to understand terms the topics of specific heat, enthalpy, Hess' Law, Product minus Reactant rule (Mark's Chemistry Tutor).
- From Heat to Enthalpy - Links to sections on Early Concepts of Heat, Thermometry, Calorimetry, and Enthalpies of Substances (Dr. James A. Plambeck, University of Alberta).
- Enthalpy Changes in Reactions - Discusses bond enthalpies; includes calorimeter problems in study problems section (Dr. James A. Plambeck, University of Alberta).
- Specific Heat Capacities - Table of Specific Heat Capacities of Some Common Substances; obtained from Chemistry, 3rd ed. by Zumdahl (Univ of IL).